Brightness and Contrast Explained

💡 Brightness Basics

Brightness Unit: nits (cd/m²)

Definition: Number of candelas per square meter

Common Brightness Reference Values

• Indoor Lighting: 50-100 nits
• Standard Display: 250-400 nits
• High Brightness Display: 600-1000+ nits
• Direct Sunlight: 100,000+ nits
• Human Eye Adaptation Range: 0.01-100,000 nits

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📊 Display Brightness Specifications

Typical Brightness Values

Display Type	Typical Brightness	Suitable Scenarios
Entry-level LCD	250 nits	Indoor office
Mid-range LCD	300-400 nits	General use
High-end LCD	500-600 nits	Bright environments
HDR Display	600-1000+ nits	HDR content
OLED	400-800 nits	Professional applications

Selection Advice

• Office Environment: 250-350 nits sufficient
• Home Use: 300-400 nits
• Bright Rooms: 500+ nits
• HDR Requirements: 600+ nits essential

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⚫⚪ Contrast Principle

Contrast Definition

Formula: Contrast = Brightest White ÷ Darkest Black

Contrast Types

Static Contrast

• Definition: Ratio of brightest and darkest pixels displayed simultaneously
• Significance: Reflects true on-screen contrast capability
• Reference Values: 1000:1 (standard LCD) to ∞:1 (OLED)

Dynamic Contrast

• Definition: Ratio of brightest and darkest images at different times
• Implementation: By adjusting backlight brightness
• Problem: Inflated values, limited practical significance

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🔬 Panel Technology Contrast Characteristics

IPS Panel

• Static Contrast: 1000:1 - 1200:1
• Characteristics: Relatively low contrast
• Black Performance: Slightly grayish
• Advantages: Accurate colors, good viewing angles

VA Panel

• Static Contrast: 3000:1 - 6000:1
• Characteristics: Highest contrast among LCD panels
• Black Performance: Relatively deep
• Advantages: Good entertainment experience

TN Panel

• Static Contrast: 600:1 - 1000:1
• Characteristics: Low contrast
• Black Performance: Obviously grayish
• Advantages: Fast response speed

OLED

• Static Contrast: Theoretically infinite
• Characteristics: Self-illuminating pixels
• Black Performance: True black
• Advantages: Best contrast

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🌃 Impact in Actual Usage

Office Applications

• Document Reading: High contrast reduces eye fatigue
• Spreadsheet Processing: Clear black-white contrast improves efficiency
• Recommendation: 1000:1+ static contrast

Entertainment

• Movie Watching: High contrast enhances immersion
• Dark Scene Details: Good black performance preserves details
• Recommendation: 3000:1+ static contrast

Gaming Applications

• Dark Area Details: Finding enemies in dark scenes
• Image Layering: Rich light-dark variations
• Recommendation: Choose based on game type

Professional Design

• Tone Separation: Precise light-dark transitions
• Print Preview: Accurate contrast performance
• Recommendation: Calibrated accurate contrast

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💡 Impact of Backlight Technology on Brightness and Contrast

Traditional LED Backlight

• Structure: Edge LED + light guide plate
• Brightness: 250-400 nits
• Contrast: Affected by backlight bleeding
• Cost: Lowest

Direct LED Backlight

• Structure: LED array direct illumination
• Brightness: 300-600 nits
• Contrast: Slightly better than edge-lit
• Uniformity: May have hotspots

Local Dimming

• Structure: Independently controlled LED zones
• Brightness: 600-1000+ nits
• Contrast: Significantly improved
• Cost: Higher

MiniLED Backlight

• Structure: Extremely small LED beads
• Brightness: 1000+ nits
• Contrast: Close to OLED
• Cost: Expensive

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🛠️ Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

Basic Adjustment Principles

1. Environment Adaptation: Adjust based on room lighting
2. Content Matching: Different settings for different content
3. Eye Comfort: Avoid too bright or too dark
4. Long-term Use: Consider vision protection

Recommended Settings

Office Environment

• Brightness: 120-150 cd/m²
• Contrast: 80-90%
• Environment: Normal indoor lighting

Dim Environment

• Brightness: 80-120 cd/m²
• Contrast: 70-80%
• Environment: Night or dark room

Bright Environment

• Brightness: 200-300 cd/m²
• Contrast: 85-95%
• Environment: Near windows or strong light

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🎯 Purchase Recommendations

Choose by Usage

Document Office Work

• Brightness: 300 nits sufficient
• Contrast: 1000:1 is enough
• Focus: Text clarity

Entertainment

• Brightness: 400+ nits
• Contrast: 3000:1+
• Focus: Black performance

Gaming Applications

• Brightness: 350-500 nits
• Contrast: 1500:1+
• Focus: Dark area details

Professional Design

• Brightness: Supports standard brightness calibration
• Contrast: Accurate contrast reproduction
• Focus: Color management

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❌ Common Misconceptions

"Higher Contrast Numbers Are Always Better"

• Problem: Dynamic contrast numbers are inflated
• Reality: Static contrast is more important
• Advice: Focus on static contrast specifications

"Higher Brightness Is Always Better"

• Problem: Excessive brightness hurts eyes
• Reality: Brightness suitable for environment is best
• Advice: Choose based on usage environment

"OLED Contrast Is Infinite"

• Problem: Theoretical values don't equal perception
• Reality: Affected by ambient light
• Advice: Experience in actual environment

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🔍 Testing and Adjustment Methods

Professional Testing Tools

• Brightness Meter: Precise screen brightness measurement
• Contrast Card: Standard test patterns
• Colorimeter: Professional calibration equipment

Simple Testing Methods

1. Black-White Contrast Image: Observe black-white contrast effect
2. Gradient Test: Check grayscale transitions
3. Actual Content: Test with common content

Adjustment Steps

1. Set Base Brightness: Adapt to environmental lighting
2. Adjust Contrast: Get best black-white contrast
3. Fine-tune Optimization: Adjust based on specific content
4. Save Settings: Create profiles for different scenarios

Next Section: Choose by Use Case - Choose displays based on specific needs